Impressionism, which appeared in France in the last third of the XIX century, changed painting. In many ways it was inevitable - the audience was tired of the monotonous classicism, which does not bring anything fundamentally new, artists, as creative people, was cramped within the established rules of this artistic movement. How much can you write ceremonial portraits of the aristocracy, often not interesting to anyone but the customer, and depict the ancient subjects of times long forgotten and completely unrelated to the reality of the late XIX century? Impressionism is another matter - the art of a fleeting moment, an impression, as in the famous painting by Claude Monet.
Claude Monet. Impression.
She, by the way, the artist wrote for 10 minutes, and now it is estimated at least tens of millions of dollars - where else can you earn so quickly? Another question is that then the picture of Monet was almost no one needed, and the artist could hardly earn something significant on it. Yes, he and did not hope - wrote more for himself, trying to find something new in art.
Monet himself tried to quickly capture the sunrise, the moment here and now, so impressionism is somewhat similar to photography - artists often paint quickly, broad strokes, not distracted by small details, but paying great attention to colorism, light, shadow, tones and valuers. That is, the image in the painting must be inextricably linked with the environment. And they also painted modernity, or what they themselves are interested in, as, for example, the great Impressionist Edgar Degas wrote dancers, dissolute dwarf Toulouse-Lautrec - ladies of easy behavior, alcoholic and misanthrope Maurice Utrillo - the streets of his beloved Paris.
But there were impressionists and in our homeland, they are not as many as we would like, but they left their mark in art and no small. We will talk about the five best paintings of the Russian Impressionists in this article.
Konstantin Korovin. In the Park.
Korovin wrote this picture in 1880, quite in his style - broad strokes, bright colors. By the way, so he wrote always, but when Vasily Polenov, being Korovin's teacher, said: “And you my friend, Impressionist” he was quite surprised, just before that he had never seen Impressionist paintings in person, although, of course, heard about them. But the Impressionists are somewhere far away, in France, and here we are native, homegrown, and no less talented. At the time of painting, Korovin was studying at the Moscow School of Painting, and it takes a lot of courage and rebellious nature to write in this way, rather than the usual realism.
Konstantin Korovin. Portrait of a Chorister.
And in 1883 Korovin wrote “Portrait of a chorister” - a picture in which he solved purely artistic problems, the main attention was paid to the imposition of strokes, correct and interesting coloristics, and not to the disclosure of the character of the written girl, as is customary in “classical” painting. In general, this is the weakness of Impressionism - the artist pays less attention to the composition and the general meaning of the picture, focusing on artistic techniques. Impressionism - it is about beauty and a special vision of the painter of the surrounding world, not about the depth and realistic reflection of reality, as, for example, in Perov and Repin. And do not need to write that Korovin is not a Soviet artist - he emigrated from Russia in 1922, however, the best of his paintings wrote before the revolution and in emigration.
Konstantin Yuon. The gates of the Rostov Kremlin.
Konstantin Yuon is known to many painting enthusiasts as a classic of socialist realism, who wrote wonderful landscapes about Moscow. But this 1906 painting was painted in a completely different manner. However, then socialist realism did not exist in principle, and in Soviet times Yuon began to write paintings in this artistic direction, among other things, because that was the way it was put, and was the only real opportunity to be as an artist. But the success and recognition Yuon, what a sin to say, loved, and did everything to achieve them at any power. He got used to them while still being a student at art school, and later the money for the sold paintings enough to travel around Europe and, of course, come to Paris, this Mecca of artists and the cradle of Impressionism. And how can Yuon not take such a fashionable style of painting?
The painting is painted with large strokes and a little out of focus, somewhat reminiscent of “Rouen Cathedral” by French artist Claude Monet. However, in his mature years, Yuon impressionism began to ridicule, criticize those who wrote in a similar manner. Here and guess whether he did it sincerely or tried to conform to the general line of the party.
Yuri Pimenov. Posters in the rain. 1973 г.
Another classic of socialist realism, whose paintings were often called poster paintings, for himself and his soul, not for a socialist order, wrote absolutely amazing things, and there was enough talent for them. Such is the case with “Posters in the Rain.” In this painting, the similarity with the artwork of the Impressionists can be traced because of the desire to capture a moment of life, a fleeting moment, and show its true beauty. And also this picture reminds some artworks of the great French impressionist Edgar Degas - there is also a cropped frame, Pimenov paints what he wanted to emphasize, and the rest is unimportant. In some ways his painting resembles a photograph or a frame from a movie. However, it is not accidental - Pimenov collaborated with leading theaters in Moscow, was a production designer, designed scenes, wrote scenery. The theme of the poster and the theater is very close to him, and in this, too, his similarity to Degas can be traced - the latter was an avid theatroman.
Igor Grabar. Winter Landscape.
When other Soviet artists in the 40-50 years of XX century wrote the same type of paintings praising the labor exploits of the Soviet people or on the theme of the Great Patriotic War Igor Grabar drew native Russian birches in the style of impressionism. Well, no way his paintings did not fit into the “correct” understanding of what should write a Soviet artist. However, Grabar did not prevent this - in the end, he was a Stalin Prize winner, an excellent restorer and art connoisseur. “And impressionism - everyone has his weaknesses” - so probably thought the Soviet officials from art, once again learning that Grabar again wrote birch trees. But he painted them wonderfully, and the air in the picture is pure, pure, real winter air - only a true master can convey its transparency.
Russian painter Peter Konchalovsky was very fond of painting flowers. He even set himself a goal - to write every day at least one floral still life and successfully coped with this task. If he had been a classical realist painter, he would have had to mess with each painting much longer, and who would be interested in the XX century photorealistic images of flowers - it is easier to photograph the real ones. His artworks are so beautiful that they are not inferior to living flowers, even if they do not have a special drawing, but there is a captured moment of their true beauty, when they have not wilted and have not lost their charm.
And he also said: “the time will come, my paintings will hang in different museums, and people will say: ”Konchalovsky wrote a painting a day, and how good. But there will definitely be someone who will say, “That's why it's bad.
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